Fascination About KGW Crystal
Fascination About KGW Crystal
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The thermal conductivity of typical double tungstates is of your buy to 3–four W/(K m) �?which is not undesirable as opposed with other laser crystals (Even though many periods lower than for YAG), and rather significant as opposed Together with the thermal conductivity of typical Eyeglasses.
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In summary, we demonstrated that undoped scintillator crystals: BGO, GGG, YSO, LSO and LYSO are productive nonlinear materials for broadband SC era during the close to-infrared and short-wave infrared spectral ranges, when pumped by a hundred and eighty fs elementary harmonic pulses from an amplified Yb:KGW laser. YSO, LSO and LYSO created two octave-spanning SC spectra, which Look at to SC spectra made in YAG. These materials exhibit pretty equivalent performances to YAG also concerning threshold and optimum pump pulse energies for SC era. On the other hand, for what worries the possibility to function at superior laser pulse repetition charge, YSO, LSO and LYSO exhibit strong operation only at 10 kHz and promptly degrade (within a few minutes) at 20 kHz. Aside from the reasonably minimal SC era threshold (169 nJ), GGG shown fantastic general performance features from the small-wave infrared Together with the best pump pulse Electricity of 464 nJ, which happens to be two occasions decreased than in YAG: the largest red-shifted spectral broadening and the very best spectral Electricity density, outperforming KGW and YAG crystals in that facet.
-switched manner. The bandwidth from the orthogonal orientation was Plainly Considerably broader. The calculated Fourier completely transform limited pulse period was as short as sub-a hundred and sixty fs. Underneath the configuration wherever The 2 crystals have been placed in the identical orientation, Together with the seed enter, the amplified pulse bandwidth was only 3 nm with a hundred and eighty μJ Electricity when it broke the dichroic mirrors.
The calculated Reduce-off wavelengths for the brief-wavelength aspect are in keeping with the general craze of blue-shifted spectral broadening over the bandgap of nonlinear materials. All the nonlinear supplies made affordable crimson-shifted spectral broadenings under circumstances of optimum pump pulse energies, with the largest purple-shift exceeding 2000 nm calculated in GGG crystal. Our results unveiled that GGG and BGO (which also had the lowest supercontinuum generation threshold) offer sturdy, optical harm-free of charge functionality in a laser repetition amount of 200 kHz, suggesting that these resources are very good possibilities to YAG and KGW for low threshold, substantial ordinary electrical power supercontinuum technology during the in the vicinity of- and small-wave infrared spectral ranges. We also demonstrated that scintillating Houses of bulk elements may be quickly researched from the filamentation regime, by way of multiphoton excitation employing around-infrared femtosecond laser pulses.
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At last, we investigated the very long-phrase performances of SC generation in crystal samples beneath best pumping disorders at bigger laser repetition charges. In doing so, the crystal samples weren't translated and kept in a very stationary place with regard towards the pump beam in the course of the whole measurement. The illustrations illustrating sturdy prolonged-expression performances of SC generation in KGW and YAG crystals at substantial laser repetition rates may be uncovered elsewhere. Additional specifically, steady general performance of KGW crystal at 2 MHz pulse repetition charge underneath really very similar pump beam focusing geometry was documented recently30, whereas YAG crystal demonstrated steady effectiveness for several hours at two hundred kHz pulse repetition rate Despite quite limited concentrating in the pump beam (NA=0.085)32. The extended-time period overall performance exams in LSO, LYSO and YSO discovered gradual narrowing of your SC spectra around the prolonged-wavelength side that occurred right after a particular exposure time and could be attributed towards the optical degradation of these components. By way of example, in LSO, the onset of spectral narrowing was observed right after (sim twenty) minutes in a laser repetition fee of 10 kHz, although at a laser repetition level of 20 kHz, steady SC era functionality was observed just for approximately two min.
We approach to spice up the pulse Electricity to earlier mentioned 40 mJ in two-phase multi-go amplifiers, similar to a attain element of twenty. In Every amplifier, we may also adopt two cascaded crystals positioned less than orthogonal orientation to reduce the thermal load on each crystal and compensate to the get-narrowing result.
First of all, Considering that the filament-induced luminescence originates from simultaneous absorption of quite a few photons, whose whole Vitality exceeds the bandgap energy of material, it provides quick separation of excitation and emission wavelengths and delivers very powerful signal Irrespective of staying emitted more than the entire strong angle. The place of your filament monitor inside the crystal can be effortlessly altered in a preferred way by various the pump pulse Vitality, Whilst the depth clamping in a light-weight filament considerably lowers the potential risk of optical harm. These functions is usually practical for obtaining additional information regarding crystal homogeneity and reveal the presence and distribution of different dopants inside the sample.
These supplies can be employed for frequency conversion in lasers for extending of tuning assortment. SRS in crystals is compatible with recent all-solid-point out technological know-how and offers a quite simple, here compact signifies of frequency conversion.
Since its discovery in 19701,two, the point out on the artwork of supercontinuum (SC) era in bulk strong-point out components has arrived at a substantial level of maturity as a result of great development of ultrafast laser sources and elementary understanding of the underlying Actual physical processes3,four. The complexity of physical outcomes fundamental SC generation is unveiled in the framework of femtosecond filamentation, which happens to be a universal phenomenon arising from nonlinear propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in clear materials5. In additional useful conditions, the attainable spectral extent of SC radiation depends upon the fabric Attributes, including linear and nonlinear indexes of refraction and Electrical power bandgap, which together with the laser wavelength outline the important power for self-concentrating (which has for being exceeded for a lightweight filament to form) and clamping intensity of a light-weight filament (which happens to be proportional towards the get of multiphoton absorption), respectively.
Determine 4 Beam radius variation on The 2 crystals although changing the focal size on the thermal lensing outcome.
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